Preeclampsia is a major problem in obstetric practice; it is considered one of the largest causes of
maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality, and one of the most important causes of
intrauterine growth restriction and low birth weight.
Objectives To evaluate the intraplacental villous microvascular density and vascular surface area in pregnancy
induced hypertension in term placentae, and its effect on newborn body weight.
Methods A sample of 50 placentae divided into 25 normal term placentae (Control group) and 25 term
placentae of pregnancy induced hypertension (preelampsia) considered as the (Test group). Fresh
placental tissues were taken from the peripheral placental area, processed to paraffin blocks, stained
with CD-34 (clone QBEnd-10) (DAKOCYTOMATION), assessment of the vascular density, and vascular
area with image j software.
Results Significant increase in vascular density, with a significant reduction in vascular area seen in placentae
of preeclampsia compared to control group at p ≤ 0.05, in addition fibrosis with vascular
degeneration and stenosis were evident in terminal villi, lead to avascular terminal villi in
preeclampsia compared to control group. Significant reduction in newborn body weight in
preeclampsia compared to control at p ≤ 0.05.
Conclusions These results suggested that placenta adapt its structure to maintain its function, this adaptation
reflected as an increase in vascular density that consequently occur as uteroplacental perfusion
reduces due to maternal vasospasm, and the placenta becomes ischemic as gestation progresses due
to hypoxia that affect terminal villi vasculature. Fibrin deposition, vascular degeneration, thickened
vessels wall, and stenosis those together reduce the vascular area; these changes accordingly were
reflected on newborn body weight in preeclampsia.
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2016
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