Background:
One way to stop novel coronavirus pandemic is vaccination. Studying the role of inhibitory immune checkpoint gene polymorphisms is considered an important tool for understanding why the immune response to BNT162b2 vaccine is different among people. The present study aims to demonstrate the role of Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) rs231775 gene polymorphism and the level of soluble inhibitory checkpoints in individuals vaccinated with BNT162b2 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine following the booster dose. A cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2021 and April 2022.
Methods:
A blood sample was obtained from 180 vaccinated individuals. The level of immunoglobulin G (IgG) toward spike protein-1 and soluble inhibitory checkpoints was measured by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay. After deoxyribonucleic acid extraction, genotypes were detected by Allele-specific polymerase chain reaction. Statistical analysis used SPSS Version 16 software. Quantitative results are indicated as mean ± standard deviation. The statistical significance level was set at P < 0.05.
Results:
A highly significant association in CTLA-4 rs241775 genotypes distribution and immune response to BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine, the IgG titer means of individuals with homozygous wild (AA) lower than the means of individuals with heterozygous (AG) and homozygous mutant (GG) genotypes. Furthermore, there were highly significant difference between inhibitory immune checkpoint serum levels and CTLA-4 rs231775 genotype frequency.
Conclusion:
CTLA-4 rs231775 linked with high immune response to BNT162b2 vaccine. Subjects who carry G allele showed a high level of IgG titer than the subjects who carry G allele after vaccination. Soluble immune checkpoint markers are dramatically raised in individuals with low immune response.
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Sep 2023
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