Abstract
There are emerging data shows that different types of malignancies arising from cells called cancer initiating cells,
which have self-renewal and tumorgenesity properties. Acquiring these properties make them able to initiate and
transmit cancer. These cells are identified in different types of malignancies like stomach, colon, brain, breast and
others. This review aims to identify the signaling pathways, which are involved in emerging these cells. Highly impact
research papers regarding this subject were collected from trusted data base for analyzing. Analyzing these data
identified that Notch, Hedgehog, high mobility group A2 (HMGA2), wingless/Int (Wnt)/B-catenin and epithelial
mesenchymal transition (EMT) are the main signaling pathways, which are involved in this process. Targeting these
signaling pathways will be a great technique to inhibit the formation of these cells. This will apply clinically as a
treatment in different types of cancers and will be of great importance in treatment of cancers resisting
chemotherapy.
Keywords Cancer stem cells (CSC), epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), chemotherapeutic, notch,
hedgehog
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2023
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