On Monday, March 18, 2024, student Abeer Issa Omran from the Department of Human Anatomy successfully defended her Master's thesis entitled: **Histological and Immunohistochemical Study of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticle Effect on Fibronectin Change in the Renal Cortex of Male Albino Mice** The aim of this study was to: Evaluate the impact of biologically produced and characterized titanium dioxide nanoparticles on kidney injury by assessing the effect of these nanoparticles on fibrosis markers, including fibronectin. The results showed significant histological differences between the control and experimental groups of mice after being administered various doses of titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Our findings revealed congestion of dilated glomerular capillaries, exfoliation of some epithelial cells lining the convoluted tubules, degenerative changes, interstitial hemorrhage, inflammatory cell infiltration, and increased collagen fibers around degenerated convoluted tubules and glomeruli compared to the control group. The study highlighted the average glomerular area in mice exposed to different doses of titanium dioxide. Animals exposed to a low dose (50 mg/kg) had a higher glomerular area than those exposed to 100 mg/kg or 150 mg/kg, with significant differences observed. Interestingly, there was no significant difference between 100 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg in glomerular area. In the Bowman’s capsule area, no significant difference was noted between animals exposed to 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg. However, animals treated with 100 mg/kg had a significantly higher Bowman’s capsule area than those exposed to 150 mg/kg. The glomerular/Bowman's capsule ratio was higher in animals exposed to 50 mg/kg compared to those exposed to 100 mg/kg or 150 mg/kg, with statistically significant differences. Notably, there was no significant difference between 100 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg in the glomerular/Bowman's capsule ratio. Although the control group animals showed lower fibronectin expression than those exposed to 50 mg/kg, the difference was not significant. Conversely, animals exposed to 100 mg/kg exhibited significantly higher fibronectin expression than the control group, with highly significant differences. Similarly, animals exposed to 150 mg/kg displayed significantly higher fibronectin expression than the control group, with highly significant differences. Multiple comparisons using Tukey's test revealed significant differences. The study concluded that different concentrations of titanium dioxide nanoparticles over four weeks had a significantly adverse effect on the histological and immunohistochemical structure of the renal cortex in white mice. Further investigations are recommended to determine the non-toxicity of TiO2 nanoparticles, identify safe toxicity concentrations, reduce exposure duration, and evaluate their impact on the same and other organs. The defense committee consisted of: - Prof. Dr. Haider Jawad Kazem (Chairman) - Prof. Dr. Malak Akram Taha (Member) - Prof. Dr. Siham Sabah Abdullah (Member) - Asst. Prof. Shatha Mahmood Hassan (Supervisor) - Asst. Prof. Dr. Jinan Hussein Taha (Co-Supervisor) The thesis was successfully accepted with a grade of Very Good.
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