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| Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics |
| • Pharmacology Branch was founded in the 1989-1990 academic year to begin the scientific process where the branch has always paid great attention to the quality of academic education and helping students in the study of Pharmacology and Therapeutics and their relationship to clinical fields
• The pharmacology branch is responsible for teaching the science of pharmacology for third year undergraduate students of the College of Medicine as a basic material in the study of medicine .The branch begins teaching the material with an introduction to the kinetics and dynamics of the drug passing through the drug discovery process .It also provides basic knowledge of the functions of the various drugs clinically, and through study courses in pharmacology branch while students continue to learn the basics in physiology, pathology and biochemistry to employ them in Learning the effectiveness of medication.
• The branch began granting high academic degrees (MSc) in 1994 and doctorate in 1999.The branch is not linked to Iraqi or Arabic Board of Medical Specialties.
• With regard to graduate students (master's), in addition to the commitment of pharmacology branch in the teaching of pharmacology and toxicology sciences, the branch involves students in the pharmaceutical selections material and seminars to discuss the newly emerging scientific problems that have a relation with the use of medications. With regard to doctoral students, the branch teaches them advanced pharmacology with details related to the molecular mechanism of the medications effectiveness .In the practical part all graduate students participates and is designed to conduct relevant selected experiments that is related to pharmacological effects on various body systems.
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| **Ph.D. Defense of Raed Saad Louti, Department of Pharmacology** |
On Wednesday, 18th September 2024, the Ph.D. candidate Raed Saad Louti from the Department of Pharmacology successfully defended his dissertation entitled:
**"Effects of Liquiritin and Orientin Phytochemicals on Nephropathy Complicating High-Fat Diet and Streptozocin-Induced Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Rats."**
In an attempt to explore new therapeutic agents, the current study investigated the protective effect of Liquiritin and Orientin against diabetic nephropathy (DN) caused by a high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced Type 2 diabetes mellitus in rats.
The combination of Metformin and Liquiritin led to a significant reduction in most pathological histological changes. While Metformin alone did not achieve this, Liquiritin notably decreased renal homogenate levels of inflammatory and oxidative markers. Orientin significantly reduced serum creatinine levels (0.29 ± 0.19), urea (39.83 ± 8.92), and prevented the progression of most pathological histological changes, recording 0 in this group. When comparing the two flavonoids, Orientin appeared more active and was able to restore inflammatory and oxidative markers near the normal values of the healthy control group.
Both Metformin and Liquiritin demonstrated a significant improvement against DN, reducing most pathological histological changes, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers. Orientin, however, completely prevented most pathological histological changes associated with DN, showing functional improvement and a significant reduction in inflammatory and oxidative markers in kidney tissues.
The defense committee consisted of:
1. Prof. Dr. Abdul Karim Hamid Abdul (Chair)
2. Prof. Dr. Ria Suleiman Baban (Member)
3. Prof. Dr. Ban Jumaa Qasim (Member)
4. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mohammed Qasim Yahya (Member)
5. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Fouad Kadhim Kata (Member)
6. Prof. Dr. Adeeb Ahmed Kadhim (Supervisor and Member)
7. Prof. Dr. Arif Sami Malik (Supervisor and Member)
The dissertation was accepted with distinction.
 
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| The PhD defense of the student **Huda Ghassan Hameed** in the Department of Pharmacology. |
On Sunday, September 8, 2024, PhD candidate Huda Ghassan Hameed from the Department of Pharmacology successfully defended her dissertation titled:
**"Effect of New Compounds C27H24N4O5 and C25H21N5O5 Each Alone on Regulation of Angiogenesis: Ex Vivo, In Vitro, and In Vivo Assay in Rats."**
**Background**: Angiogenesis is the physiological process of forming new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels. It is a crucial process that occurs during various stages of an organism’s life, including embryonic development, wound healing, and the female reproductive cycle. Dysregulated angiogenesis leads to several diseases such as tumor growth and metastasis, psoriasis, and diabetic retinopathy due to excessive angiogenesis, or insufficient angiogenesis, which can lead to cardiovascular diseases and age-related macular degeneration. Modulating angiogenesis has become a therapeutic target in many diseases.
**Objectives**: To determine the anti-angiogenic and anti-proliferative activities of new 1,2,3-triazole derivatives and to investigate the gene expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).
**Results**: Through the rat aortic ring assay, a significant inhibition of angiogenesis was observed. The IC50 values of compounds H1 and H4 were calculated to be 11.3 µg/mL and 20.11 µg/mL, respectively, indicating that H1 is more potent than H4. Both triazole derivatives produced a significant inhibition zone in the chick chorioallantoic membrane assay. The IC50 values for H1 on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were 3.42 µg/mL, 11.11 µg/mL for HCT116 cells, and 4.93 µg/mL for MCF7 cells. The IC50 values for H4 on HUVECs were 154.1 µg/mL, 8.972 µg/mL for HCT116 cells, and 9.103 µg/mL for MCF7 cells. This study reveals that H4 is safer for normal cells and can be considered a potential anti-tumor compound. Both triazole derivatives significantly reduced the expression of VEGF.
**Conclusion**: The current study demonstrated that 1,2,3-triazole derivatives were capable of inhibiting angiogenesis in various experimental models, confirmed by the suppression of VEGF gene expression using real-time PCR. These compounds could be potential anti-cancer drugs.
The defense committee consisted of the following members:
- Prof. Ahmed Rahma Ali (Chair)
- Prof. Intisar Tareq Naaman (Member)
- Prof. Astbrak Abdulrasool Koory (Member)
- Prof. Rafal Shakib Abdulwahab (Member)
- Asst. Prof. Fuad Kazem Kadhim (Member)
- Prof. Haider Baha Sahib (Member and Supervisor)
The dissertation was accepted successfully with distinction.
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